Cours Anglais 3ème Année Secondaire General english revision for 3rd year classes litterary stream- 3AS

2. Indefinite article: “a” / “an” “a” / “an” are used: ➢ Before singular countable nouns. Ex: He works in a British company. ➢ With names of professions and occupations. Ex: He is a lawyer. She is an executive. 3. Zero article: ø We put no article : ➢ Before uncountable nouns. Ex: Money is the root of all evil. ➢ before abstract nouns Ex: peace ... honesty... freedom… • Using: “it’s time” , “it’s high time”, “ it’s about time’ They indicate that something should happen soon. ( use the past tense ) Ex: It’s about time; Rachid found a job and settled down. **They may be more than one type in the same text. **We use : *“a” before a consonant. *“an” before a vowel. • Expressing: Expressing Using Examples Certainty Will + stem *Algerian consumers will boycott the Chinese products. Probability May + stem *GMF may disappear. *Food safety may be one of the biggest problems. Possibility Can + stem *Flavourings can cause skin irritations. Remote possibility Might + stem *GMF might have harmful effects. Advice Should / you’d better / ought to + stem if I were you .. I would *You should not cheat at exams. *You ought not to cheat *You’d better stop cheating. *If I were you, I would stop cheating *I advice you to stop cheationg. Obligation (necessity) Must + stem Have to + stem *All pupils must do their home-works. *You have to do your home-work. Prohibition Mustn’t + stem *Pupils mustn’t smoke in the class. Absence (lack) of obligation Don’t have to + stem Don’t need to + stem *You don’t need to be stressed, the exam is not difficult. Obligation is the past Had to + stem Was obliged to + stem Ability in the past Were able to + stem Past habit Purpose Used to + stem *He used to be a heavy smoker when he was a child. (Now, he is no longer a smoker) *It is used to cut paper = it’s for cutting. Function Used for +Gerund *The telescope is used for observing the stars and distant objects. Concession Though / although / in spite of / the fact that/ despite the fact that / while *Thought Andalusia had an extremely diverse population, it maintained its social harmony. Time When / after / before / as soon as / until *As soon as the plane had landed, we left the Airport. *We didn’t leave the Airport until the plane had landed. Reason/cause Because / because of / due to / owing to / since / as / Results/ consequence *As a result / consequently /so / therefore / as a consequence *So + adj + that *Such + noun phrase + that *Counterfeits are so perfect that it is difficult to distinguish between a fake and a genuine product. *counterfeits are of such perfection that it is difficult to distinguish between both. Purpose ( aim/ goal ) To / in order to / so as to / so that Condition *Provided that / providing that *As long as = only if + present simple future simple *You will pass your exams provided that you work harder. *She will pass her exam as long as she studies harder.